finance5 sections · 26 items

Key Financial Ratios Cheat Sheet

Essential financial ratios for profitability, liquidity, leverage, efficiency, and valuation. Used by investors, analysts, and business owners.

Profitability Ratios

Item	Value	Notes
Gross Profit Margin	(Revenue - COGS) / Revenue	Higher = better
Operating Margin	Operating Income / Revenue	Core business profitability
Net Profit Margin	Net Income / Revenue	Bottom-line profitability
Return on Assets (ROA)	Net Income / Total Assets	How well assets generate profit
Return on Equity (ROE)	Net Income / Shareholders' Equity	Return to shareholders
EBITDA Margin	EBITDA / Revenue	Cash-focused profitability

Item	Value	Notes
Current Ratio	Current Assets / Current Liabilities	Above 1.0 = solvent
Quick Ratio (Acid Test)	(Current Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities	Stricter than current ratio
Cash Ratio	Cash & Equivalents / Current Liabilities	Most conservative
Working Capital	Current Assets - Current Liabilities	Absolute liquidity measure

Item	Value	Notes
Debt-to-Equity (D/E)	Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity	Below 2.0 generally healthy
Debt-to-Assets	Total Debt / Total Assets	% of assets financed by debt
Interest Coverage	EBIT / Interest Expense	Above 3.0 = comfortable
Equity Multiplier	Total Assets / Total Equity	Higher = more leveraged
Debt Service Coverage	Net Operating Income / Total Debt Service	Above 1.25 preferred

Item	Value	Notes
Asset Turnover	Revenue / Total Assets	Revenue per $ of assets
Inventory Turnover	COGS / Average Inventory	How fast inventory sells
Receivables Turnover	Net Credit Sales / Avg Accounts Receivable	Collection efficiency
Days Sales Outstanding	365 / Receivables Turnover	Avg days to collect
Days Inventory Outstanding	365 / Inventory Turnover	Avg days to sell inventory

Item	Value	Notes
Price-to-Earnings (P/E)	Share Price / Earnings Per Share	S&P 500 avg ~20-25
Price-to-Book (P/B)	Share Price / Book Value Per Share	Below 1.0 may be undervalued
Price-to-Sales (P/S)	Market Cap / Revenue	Useful for unprofitable companies
EV/EBITDA	Enterprise Value / EBITDA	Debt-adjusted valuation
PEG Ratio	P/E / Earnings Growth Rate	Below 1.0 may be undervalued
Dividend Yield	Annual Dividends / Share Price	Income return on stock

Tip: Use landscape orientation for wider tables

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