SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security)
Definition
Cryptographic protocols that provide secure communication over computer networks, encrypting data between a web server and browser.
SSL (and its successor TLS) are cryptographic protocols that encrypt data transmitted between a web server and a browser, preventing eavesdropping and tampering. When you see HTTPS and a padlock icon in your browser, the connection is secured by TLS.
The TLS handshake establishes a secure connection through several steps: the client and server agree on protocol versions and cipher suites, the server presents its digital certificate, both parties generate shared secret keys, and encrypted communication begins. This entire process typically takes less than 100 milliseconds.
SSL certificates are issued by Certificate Authorities (CAs) that verify domain ownership or organization identity. Let's Encrypt provides free certificates, while extended validation (EV) certificates require thorough organizational verification. All modern websites should use HTTPS, as browsers increasingly penalize insecure HTTP sites.
Related Calculators
Related Terms
Encryption
techThe process of converting readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using an algorithm and key, protecting it from unauthorized access.
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
techThe foundational protocol for data communication on the web, defining how messages are formatted and transmitted between clients and servers.
DNS (Domain Name System)
techThe internet's phone book that translates human-readable domain names like example.com into numerical IP addresses that computers use to communicate.
Hash
techA fixed-length string of characters generated from input data by a hash function, used for data integrity verification, password storage, and digital signatures.
Related Articles
JSON Formatting Best Practices: Write Clean, Valid JSON
Master JSON formatting with best practices for syntax, nesting, and validation. Learn common errors, debugging tips, and how to write clean JSON data.
Regex Cheat Sheet: Essential Patterns Every Developer Needs
A practical regex reference guide with common patterns for emails, URLs, phone numbers, and more. Includes syntax explanations and real-world examples.
How to Generate Secure Passwords: Best Practices for 2026
Learn how to create strong, secure passwords that protect your accounts. Covers password length, complexity, managers, and multi-factor authentication.
Guide to QR Codes: How They Work, Types & Best Uses
Learn how QR codes work, the different types available, and best practices for creating and using them in marketing, payments, and information sharing.